Прилози проучавању језика

PROSODIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL APPROACH IN TWO-SYLLABLE NOUNS OF TURKISH ORIGIN IN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

Милена М. Стојановић — 2024-12-19

У овом почетном истраживању анализиране су поједине двосложне именице турског порекла у српском језику помоћу ексцерпиране речничке грађе Једнотомника Матице српске и онлајн-анкете засноване на асоцијативној анализи како би се, овим прелиминарним истраживањем на мањем узорку, покренуло питање става о томе каква је свест српске лингвокултурне заједнице о њима, као и у којој мери су прозодијски адаптиране двосложне именице турског порекла у вези са стереоти- пима и предрасудама. Резултати су показали да код једног дела испитаних субјеката постоје предрасуде и стереотипи у вези са двосложним именицама турскога по- рекла, али већина сматра да су именице које су предмет истраживања одомаћене, помало архаичне и имају стилску функцију у језику. Резултат аудитивног теста показао је да акценатски модел краткоузлазни + дужина показује колебање чак и у ареалу који важи за узоран када је реч о поштовању стандардне прозодијске нор- ме без обзира што је реч о именицама које се због мањег броја слогова најпре прозодијски на то адаптирају, док дублетни облици следе стандард.

LEXICOGRAPHIC PROCESSING OF MEDICAL TERMS IN KRATKO POKUŠENIJE O KALAMLENJU KRAVLJI BOGINJA BY JOŽEF SATMARI (1818) AND TORŽESTVENO LEKARSKO SOČINENIJE O HRANITELNOJ BOGINJI BY ĐORĐE PANTELIĆ (1832)

Катарина Мијаиловић — 2024-12-19

У овом раду дат је предлог лексикографске обраде медицинских термина забележених у делима Кратко покушеније о каламлењу крављи богињa Јожефа Сатмарија (1818) и Торжествено лекарско сочиненије о хранителној богињи Ђорђа Пантелића (1832). Поред ексцерпиране грађе дате у виду речника, у раду су дате основне напомене о терминологији, као и резултати поређења забележене грађе са савременим медицинским терминолошким системом.

SERBIAN PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH COMPONENTS DOBAR/ZAO AND DOBRO/ZLO

Марија Вујовић — 2024-12-19

The paper deals with the analysis of Serbian phraseologisms with components dobar/zao or dobro/zlo in their lexical composition. The primary aim of this research is to reveal the meaning connection between the components dobar/zao or dobro/zlo and the phraseologisms that contain them by using the method of lexical-semantic analysis, to determine which concepts are lexicalized through the analyzed phraseologisms and to identify which are the most numerous semantic groups into which they can be classified. In addition, our aim is also to postulate the conceptual mechanisms underlying the phraseologisms and discover how the components dobar/zao and dobro/zlo motivate the phraseological meaning. The corpus contains over 200 phraseologisms and is excerpted from general and phraseological dictionaries of the Serbian language.
The results of analysis show that the highest number of phraseologisms with components dobar/zao or dobro/zlo belong to the semantic fields of happiness/unhappiness and character, that in almost all cases the adjective dobar expresses something positive, while the examples with the adjective zao are negatively colored, that in most cases (especially with a somatic component) the adjective motivates the phraseological meaning with its semantics, as well as that the image in the phraseme background is mostly transparent. Nevertheless, despite the transparency of phraseologisms, some conceptual metaphors were identified, primarily in the case of phraseologisms with a somatic component; here, almost always, the symbolism of the somatic lexeme influenced the creation of phraseological meaning. It is also determined that excerpted phraseologisms are rarely motivated by isolated metaphors, more often thay are motivated by the combined action of metaphor with other cognitive mechanisms. Finally, in an extremely large number of cases, it was noticed the existence of antonymous phraseologisms of the same formal structure.

PHRASEOLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS IN SVETISLAV BASARA’S COLUMNS

Ивана Петровић — 2024-12-19

The use of phraseology by the Serbian writer and columnist Svetislav Basara is presented in this paper through analysis of examples of phraseological modifications in Basara’s columns from two different sources, from the newspaper Danas and the newspaper Kurir. The analysis of phraseological modifications reveals the author’s specific approach to language and the linguistic picture of the world and therefore can be used as onе of the possible approaches to studying his linguistic personality. The goal of the research was to prove that the analysis of phraseological modifications can be one of the approaches in the study of the author’s linguistic personality and to show that the theory of linguistic personality can be applied not only in the study of literary texts but also in journalistic discourse. Phraseological modifications were analyzed using a lexical-semantic and pragmatic approach, and classified based on the type of transformation of phraseological expressions. The analysis of modified phraseologisms extracted from Basara’s columns showed that the lexical plan of phraseologism is the most susceptible to changes, and is realized as contamination, substitution, interpolation and reduction. Although less often, changes may also involve the plan of grammatical structure. The semantic level of the phraseology is also subject to changes, mainly as an intensification or concretization of the basic meaning of the phraseologism. The pragmatic approach of the analysis reveals the motivational level of the linguistic personality of the author and the pragmatic goals of using phraseological modifications in the columns. The research results showed that the author uses the same types of phraseological modifications with the same pragmatic goals in the columns from both sources, which leads to the conclusion that there were no changes at the motivational level of his linguistic personality.

DERIVATIONAL NEST OF THE WORDS CVET [FLOWER] AND CVAT [BLOOM]

Снежана Хасанагић Ђорђин — 2024-12-19

The subject of the research are words cvet (flower) and cvat (bloom) as well as their mutual relations, both those that regard semantics and derivation and those that can be explained mostly by etymology. The primary goal of the research, therefore, was the creation of the derivational nests of the words in question (by using six-volume dictionary Rečnik srpskohrvatskog književnog jezika as a text corpus). The research has shown that, in fact, this problem can be approached in two ways. Namely, with the etymological approach, both lexemes could be considered as unmotivated words which would create separate nests with lexemes cvet (93 derivatives) and cvat (31 derivatives) in their centers respectively. However, we have chosen the synthetic approach as more appropriate which is conditioned by synchrony. In that way, the relationship between the given lexemes can be described best, and their derivational potential, as well.The nest contains 124 lexemes. The research has shown that the highest number of the derivatives belongs to the suffix derivation (62, i.e. 50%).

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF WOMEN IN THE DOMAIN OF SOCIAL STATUS IN SERBIAN FOLK PROVERBS

Драгана Ристић — 2024-12-19

The paper analyzes the conceptualization of women in Serbian folk proverbs and other words that are different from those used in custom, based on the domain of conceptualization such as the domain of marriage, the domain of honesty, and the domain of power or influence. Together, these domains are framed by the domain of social status, which is placed above them. On the basis of the mentioned domains, part of the concept of WOMEN, which existed in the pre-modern Serbian language and Serbian culture, is being built, and which as such can be used to trace the development of that concept until modern times. Conceptualization is achieved through a linguistic and cultural approach, a combination of axiological and conceptual analysis. The result of axiological analysis is axiologemes, while the conceptual method establishes conceptual metaphors and metonymies, which are the primary mechanisms of thinking through which the perspective of perceiving non-linguistic data is revealed. The results show a stereotypical image of a woman that corresponds to the patriarchal system in which the analyzed material was created. A woman is seen as a non-independent being, generally inferior in relation to the male gender, she will be defined in relation to a man, but also the immediate and extended family. What enables a woman to rise above the negative image is honesty, which is first of all linked to sexual innocence and to male-female relations. Besides honesty, desirable characteristics are wealth and youth. The importance of this research, among other things, lies in the fact that its results enable a comparative-contrastive analysis with the more modern image of women. This would establish how and to what extent values, beliefs and stereotypes change over time, that is, which factors influence the conceptualization of concepts, in this case women, as well as how the conceptual and linguistic aspects are related.

PERIPHRASTIC EXPRESSIONS WITH THE SERBIAN VERBS DATI `GIVE` AND DOBITI `RECEIVE` AND THEIR HUNGARIAN EQUIVALENTS

Мирјана Иванковић — 2024-12-19

In this paper we focus on a smaller segment of the mentioned linguistic phenomenon - the functionally used verbs dati `give` and dobiti`receive`in Serbian and their translation equivalents in Hungarian. The goal is to determine the inventory and peculiarities of the nominal elements with which these verbs are associated in the two languages. The initial hypothesis is that while there are numerous formal and semantic matches inobserved structures, differences also exist. The aim of research is to identify semantic connections between the elements of two languages, as well as similarities and differences in their formal manifestation. The material for the research consists of examples recorded in the literature and dictionaries of Serbian. The results of the analysis will establish whether periphrastic expressions with the verbs dati/dobiti are more common in one language, as well as how oftentheir Hungarian equivalents are also periphrastic expressions. Since such a comparative study has not yet been conducted in the observed languages, it is expected that it can contribute to translation and teaching practice.

LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF CHARACTERIZING: SIMEON HADŽIJA FROM GOLDEN FLEECE BY BORISLAV PEKIĆ

Милош Михаиловић — 2024-12-19

In this paper, we analyze language as a means of characterizing Simeon Hadžija, one of the characters in the seven-volume novel Golden Fleece by Borislav Pekić. The goal of this research is to determine how Pekić constructed Hadžija’s idiolect in relation to the historical development of the Serbian language and modern Serbian. To achieve this, corresponding tasks were formulated. Methodologically, we employ an approach that combines lexical and literary analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of Pekić’s methods in presenting idiolects. Stylistically colored lexemes were identified, categorized, and sorted into appropriate groups. Language patterns used by Pekić when archaizing the language were established. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the interpreter and the scene’s focal point.

LEARNING AND ACQUIRING COLLOCATIONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE (FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

Jelena Perišić — 2024-12-19

The subject of this paper was collocations in the language of science and their acquisition by persons learning Serbian as a foreign language, with a particular focus on teaching the Serbian language at the university level and courses that educate future philologists and translators. The primary aim of the research was to improve the teaching of Serbian as a foreign language in the domain of collocations, which was attempted to be achieved by proposing texts and tasks but also by checking those tasks in practice. Firstly, we presented the theoretical framework of the problem and previous research in this domain. After that, we proposed several excerpts of scientific articles from the journals Zbornik Maticе srpskе za filologiju i lingvistiku (linguistics) and Tehnika (technical sciences) and also tasks for acquiring and developing collocational competence. The next part of the paper consisted of an analysis of (wrong) answers given by students of Serbian philology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, based on which we have concluded the causes of difficulties, representing a guideline for further work on improving teaching in this domain.
The results showed that collocational competence does not depend to a great extent on the level of knowledge of the language (provided that it is about levels from B2 onwards). Errors occur at all levels, caused by internal and external language interference, incorrect use of synonyms or hyperonyms/hyponyms, incorrect analogies, the inability to detect figurative meanings obtained in metaphorization, or an insufficient degree of differentiation of collocations concerning free compounds. The most significant difference between the levels was observed in the terminological units, i.e. understanding of individual lexemes and terminological collocations - better results were shown by students at higher levels. This data justifies the introduction of the terminological lexicon at high levels – C1 and C2, while materials for learning the general language and collocations within it are more suitable for levels up to B2.

ON THE ADJECTIVAL ASPECT IN THE SPEECH OF LOZNICA

Бранислав Веселиновић — 2024-12-19

The subject of research is the distribution of adjectival aspect in the speech of Loznica. The main aim of the research is to describe the contemporary state of the Loznica speech in terms of the distribution of adjectival aspect, as well as to compare inter-speaker variations with the state of adjectival aspect recorded in the surrounding rural dialects and the standard Serbian language. An empirical inquiry into these issues could determine which aspectual distinctive features and distributional models of the two adjectival aspects are possible in the Loznica speech. The corpus consists of a transcript of a sociolinguistic interview with three women from Loznica of different ages. The results of the analysis showed that, contrary to surrounding rural dialects, the distinction in endings between definite and indefinite adjectival aspect is preserved only in the nominative singular masculine, whereas the aspectual distinction is maintained on the prosodic level. Therefore, the aspectual markers are both the accent and the post-accent length on the ending. In other words, hybrid formations arise in the declension of adjectives of indefinite aspect – form with the ending from pronominal-adjectival declension and prosodic realization from the nominal declension. Furthermore, syntactic distribution depends on the hierarchical status of the sentence element: in first-level sentence elements, it is primarily complementary, while in second-level elements, the distribution is generally contrastive. In this case, the choice of aspect depends on both semantic and pragmatic factors. Regarding intergenerational variation of adjectival aspect, it is noticeable, in line with different intralinguistic tendencies and extralinguistic factors, that in the speech of the two older informants, the distribution of adjectival aspect is consistently complementary and contrastive. However, in the speech of the youngest informant, cases of free variation of definite and indefinite aspect arise, thus indicating the beginning of an ongoing language change.

FORGOTTEN WORDS OF EPIC FOLK POEMS OF THE KOSOVO CYCLE: QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS

Даница Томаш — 2024-12-19

This paper examines the acquisition of lexemes found in epic folk poems from the early Kosovo cycle, which are analyzed in the sixth grade of primary school. The study aims to underscore the importance of interpreting unfamiliar words not only during literary analysis but also in lessons focused on this specific subject. Additionally, the paper seeks to inform the selection process for the School Dictionary of Forgotten Words by Matica srpska, currently under development. Data were collected from questionnaires completed in September 2023 by seventh-grade students with advanced mathematical abilities. The questionnaire included 26 words, with results presented in percentages, categorized as correct, incorrect, and unexecuted, and displayed in tables. Findings reveal that even high-achieving students are not fully familiar with the meanings of the targeted words. Analysis indicates that students better understand lexemes frequently encountered in multiple literary contexts. However, challenges arise with more commonly used words whose meanings vary by context and usage domain. Incorrect responses further suggest that students often rely on folk etymology to interpret unfamiliar words, grasping only part of the meaning or attributing a more generalized sense. These observations affirm the need for a revised approach to teaching unfamiliar vocabulary. The lack of familiarity with one’s native language vocabulary is a significant issue that warrants a more systematic and thorough response.

VUK’S TRANSLATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT AND REšETAR’S “REVIEWED” EDITION AS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN CHRISTIAN TRADITIONs: LEXICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NAMES AND SOME BIBLICAL TERMS

Катарина Штетић — 2024-12-19

This paper presents the lexical differences between Vuk-Daničić’s edition of the Holy Bible and the revision of that edition intended for Catholic Serbs, i.e. Rešetar’s “reviewed” edition. Rešetar’s edition was created in order to adapt Vuk’s and Daničić’s translation to the Western Christian tradition, which is closer to the Latin than the Greek tradition. Thus, the revision comes down to replacing the Greek transcription of names and some biblical terms with the Latin transcription. Phonetic and morphological differences are not included in this work. The corpus is limited to names and biblical terms from Vuk’s translation оf the New Testament. While analysing examples that do not match lexically, it was determined that lexical differences may be the result of variants in the Greek biblical text or even Church Slavonic duplicity, and sometimes they arise from different naming of the same term in Eastern and Western Christianity. The analysis also includes examples in which a deviation from the expected lexical differences is observed, i.e. the matching of the eastern and western forms. Such a match occurs when Vuk’s form does not correspond to the Church Slavonic one, or Rešetar’s with the Latin one, and sometimes both of them deviate from their own pattern.

Владан Јовановић. Језик и речник Светог владике Николаја Велимировића (диференцијални приступ), Београд: Институт за српски језик САНУ, 2022, 507 стр.

Бојана Симић — 2024-12-19